[ACCI-CAVIE] China has been strengthening security relations with African countries for a long time as part of its bigger strategy to secure a stronger foothold on the African continent, a media report said.
Beijing increased its engagement with Africa to secure its financial interests and gain a strategic sphere of influence for a larger role in the Continent. The influence over African nations will benefit China as it aims to galvanise the support of African countries at multilateral forums to attain more prominent positions as well as their votes when needed, The Times of Israel said on Tuesday.
In 2018, after President Xi Jinping announced several new measures at the Forum of China-Africa Cooperation, the military engagements between Beijing and Africa started growing.
Beijing also established China-Africa Peace and Security Forum to conduct exchanges in the military segment. It aims to build peacekeeping capacity for Africa, expand military personnel training and overall strengthen the defence engagements with African countries.
China also earmarked a budget for military assistance of US$ 100 million to the African Standby Force (ASF) and the African Capacity for Immediate Response to Crisis (ACIRC) over a period of five years.
For African Union, the communist regime is the largest financial and military contributor.
The Chinese Security systems have also created a dedicated China-Africa Peace and Security Fund for enhancing cooperation security, peacekeeping, and internal security, offering security assistance programs all over the continent.
Beijing is channelising funds from the UN Peace and Development Trust Fund (of about US$ 200 million budget) to peace and development initiatives in Africa. In 2018, China also provided US$ 25 million for military equipment to AU’s logistics base in Yaounde, Cameroon, US$ 20 million military assistance to Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) and African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), according to The Times of Israel.
The subsequent year, China provided US$ 45 million to the G5-Sahel Joint Force and further, China will be providing military assistance worth US$ 20 million annually to AU to enhance its capacity to rapidly respond during crisis times, reported The Times of Israel.
The communist regime is also involved in engaging in joint drills, military training and others with African nations.
China’s rising influence in Africa is often synergetic to a strong Turkish role and criminal links to Iran-backed Hezbollah and consolidation of the China-Turkey-Pakistan-Iran and Qatar alliance will only increase the threat in this region to democracy, according to The Times of Israel.
The Editorial Team and ENI
Africa’s Maritime Cyber Security Progress After the Transnet Attack
[ACCI-CAVIE] On September 16, 2021, the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) brought cybersecurity professionals together in a webinar to discuss Africa’s maritime security preparedness. The event is a response to the Transnet cyberattack in South Africa in July.
The attack on Transnet, which manages South Africa’s rail, port and pipeline infrastructure, served as a wakeup call to professionals in the fledgling African marine economy. Speaking at the conference, Chairman AU Cyber Expert Group Abdul Hakeem urged greater collaboration by African coastal states to streamline their maritime cybersecurity strategies. Crucially, Abdul advised, states need to speed investment in combating maritime cybersecurity threats. As African coastal states continue to adopt port digitalization, the opportunity for hackers to disrupt the operations of vulnerable ships and ports is growing.
“Regulators must also provide a safe space for sectoral players to report and exchange cybersecurity information,” Hakeem said.
The possible limits of government assistance in building maritime cyber defense came to the fore of the seminar’s discussion. Many African navies have limited budgets, in addition to vessels and weaponry carrying third party software, ultimately causing a structural barrier to widely implementing a modern model. The conference held up the model of Estonia: the small Baltic state set up a cyber command in 2018 consisting of military and civilian personnel, including private professionals tasked with protecting the nation’s cyberspace.
ISS research officer Denys Reva noted that Africa has capacity to deal with maritime cyber threats, but lacks the coordination. One huge barrier to this is lack of trust between the public and private sector, which hinders information sharing. Reva stressed that Africa’s port digitalization efforts should be accompanied by training for maritime workers on cybersecurity threats.
Some of the suggested security measures port authorities could adopt include a clear governance structure around cybersecurity at all levels, enforcing technical cybersecurity basics like network segregation, software updates management and password hardening, with attack detection and response capabilities at the port level to react as quickly as possible. A fast response can reduce the odds of a cyberattack affecting port operations.
Last year, ISS released a report on Africa’s maritime cybersecurity readiness, which found that there is lack of Africa-centric research and knowledge on maritime cyber security. The report suggests that solutions to the threats on Africa’s maritime cyber space should be addressed collectively through treaties, like the 2014 Malabo Convention, which addressed cybersecurity and personal data protection.
By TME